ABSTRACT
Venous malformations (VMs) are aberrant venous vessel angiogenesis present at birth. However, they can become apparent later in life, debuting in early childhood. This poses a clinical quest for surgeons, dentists, and pediatricians, as they might appear as a compressible mass in the head and neck region, not uncommonly mistaking them for odontogenic abscesses or other soft tissue tumors. The differential diagnosis can be challenging and imaging techniques are often needed. Ultrasounds are extremely useful initially as other diagnostic tools can be potentially harmful in the context of a VM. MRI is key as it provides accurate extension and location information, and allows to plan invasive treatment alternatives if the patient requires it. In this article, we present the case of a 6-year-old girl who was treated by mistake for an infection upon the diagnosis of an incipient odontogenic abscess instead of a venous malformation, and a literature review on VMs. Key words:Venous malformation, odontogenic abscess, differential diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral cancer is the 11th most common type of cancer in the world, with established major risk factors as tobacco and alcohol, and recently included high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. HPV types 16 and 18 are the etiologic agents of cervical cancers and a proportion of oropharyngeal cancers. However, the picture of HPV and the clinical implications of oral cancers are not clear with most reports combining oral cancer data with head and neck cancers. It has been confirmed as a favorable prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer. However, the prognostic value of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. Material and Methods: The main objective of this article is to present the evidence encountered following a bibliographical review of recent publications specifically related to oral cancer and its differences from oropharyngeal cancer. The secondary goals are to present the findings of a five-year retrospective observational study of the prevalence of HPV infection in oral cancer patients treated by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain), and finally, we to evaluate and compare our country's HPV prevention program in comparison to other European countries. Results: According to the review of the literature, HPV positive oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with significantly decreased overall survival and distant control. Bibliographic review suggest HPV infection can be used as a negative prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: As regards diagnostic testing for HPV, it should be extended to as many cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma as possible, especially in those with risk factors. The current vaccination program in Spain does not have adequate coverage and is significantly under the level of other European Union countries; it should be expanded and catch-up strategies should be included. Key words:HPV, OSSC, Papillomavirus, oral carcinoma, prevention.
ABSTRACT
The soft tissue outcome of the projection at the level of the nasomaxillary buttress is difficult to manage in cases of severe hypoprojection, being orthognathic surgery resolutive at the occlusal level but sometimes insufficient at the level of esthetic outcome. The literature describes the use of alloplastic prostheses and autologous bone grafts, but there are few documented cases of the use of premolded surgical cement for this purpose. The main advantage of the use of bone cement over the alternatives described is its ability to be premolded for customization, low cost, easy availability, speed of preparation and minimal comorbidity. This technical note describes the surgical steps and outcome of the use of surgical bone cement for projection augmentation at this level, including notes on preparation, premolding and fixation. Key words:Orthognathic surgery, maxillary surgery, surgical bone cement, nasomaxillary buttress.
